The Resurgence of the Indian Wolf in Punjab’s Salt Range

The Indian wolf, a species once thought to be locally extinct in Punjab, has made a remarkable comeback, as confirmed by the provincial Wildlife Department. This resurgence is marked by the first-ever government-documented photographic evidence of the species in the region, a significant milestone for wildlife conservation efforts.

A Historic Discovery

The breakthrough was announced by Mudassar Riaz Malik, the Punjab Secretary for Forests and Wildlife, who revealed that the photograph capturing the Indian wolf was taken near Kalabagh by an official department photographer. "For the first time, we now have digital evidence in government records proving the presence of the Indian wolf in Punjab," Malik stated, emphasizing the importance of this finding for conservation initiatives.

Earlier this year, on April 23, 2025, a video aired by Express News showcased an Indian wolf near the Salt Range along the M-2 Motorway. This sighting was later verified by the Wildlife Department, further solidifying the evidence of the species’ presence in the area.

Historical Context

The last documented evidence of Indian wolves in Punjab dates back to surveys conducted in 2008-09 at Lehri Nature Park in Jhelum, where only six individuals were identified. This stark decline in numbers raised concerns about the species’ survival in the region. Experts estimate that Pakistan’s overall wolf population is limited to just a few hundred, primarily consisting of Tibetan wolves found in the northern highlands. The Indian wolves, however, are confined to fragmented pockets within Punjab and Sindh’s semi-arid landscapes.

Ecological Significance

The presence of Indian wolves in the Salt Range is not just a matter of biodiversity; it has significant ecological implications. Muhammad Zahid, the Deputy Chief Wildlife Ranger for the Salt Range, highlighted the role of wolves in maintaining ecological balance. "Wolves play an ecological role by regulating populations of weak and sick animals," he explained. Their resurgence could indicate that the region is becoming more suitable for endangered wildlife, which is crucial for the overall health of the ecosystem.

Ongoing Conservation Efforts

In light of this promising discovery, a nationwide survey of Indian wolves is currently underway. Launched in September 2024, the survey aims to map the distribution of the species across Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan, with an expected completion date in October 2025. This comprehensive study seeks to produce a reliable population estimate, which is currently believed to range between 200 and 300 individuals.

The survey’s findings will be instrumental in shaping future conservation strategies and policies aimed at protecting the Indian wolf and its habitat. By understanding the species’ distribution and population dynamics, conservationists hope to implement effective measures to ensure the survival of this endangered species.

Conclusion

The resurgence of the Indian wolf in Punjab’s Salt Range is a beacon of hope for wildlife conservation in Pakistan. With the first documented evidence of the species in over a decade, this discovery not only highlights the resilience of nature but also underscores the importance of ongoing conservation efforts. As the nationwide survey progresses, there is optimism that further findings will contribute to the protection and recovery of this iconic species, ensuring that future generations can witness the Indian wolf roaming the landscapes of Punjab once again.